Tóm tắt Quyết định số 204/QD-NH7 về Quy chế tạm thời về trạng thái ngoại tệ của các tổ chức tín dụng
Quyết định số 204/QD-NH7 ban hành ngày 20 tháng 09 năm 1994 là một văn bản pháp lý đặt nền móng cho việc quản lý rủi ro hối đoái trong hệ thống ngân hàng Việt Nam. Văn bản này ban hành kèm theo Quy chế tạm thời về trạng thái ngoại tệ đối với các tổ chức tín dụng được phép hoạt động và kinh doanh ngoại hối.
Thông tin tổng quan về văn bản:
- Tên văn bản: Quyết định số 204/QD-NH7 về việc ban hành Quy chế tạm thời về trạng thái ngoại tệ của các tổ chức tín dụng được phép kinh doanh ngoại hối.
- Ngày ban hành: 20/09/1994.
- Cơ quan ban hành: Ngân hàng Nhà nước Việt Nam.
- Phạm vi điều chỉnh: Quy định giới hạn trạng thái ngoại tệ nhằm kiểm soát rủi ro tỷ giá đối với các tổ chức tín dụng được phép kinh doanh ngoại hối.
Nội dung trọng tâm Phần mở đầu và các Điều khoản đầu (Từ Điều 1 đến Điều 4):
Dựa trên danh mục cấu trúc của văn bản, phần mở đầu và các điều khoản đầu tiên (Điều 1 đến Điều 4) tập trung thiết lập các nguyên tắc pháp lý và định nghĩa cơ bản sau:
- Phạm vi áp dụng và đối tượng điều chỉnh (Điều 1): Xác định rõ các tổ chức tín dụng hoạt động hợp pháp tại Việt Nam (bao gồm ngân hàng thương mại, ngân hàng liên doanh, chi nhánh ngân hàng nước ngoài) được phép thực hiện giao dịch mua bán, kinh doanh ngoại tệ phải tuân thủ nghiêm ngặt quy chế này.
- Định nghĩa về trạng thái ngoại tệ (Điều 2): Làm rõ khái niệm chuyên ngành về trạng thái ngoại tệ (foreign exchange position). Đây là số dư chênh lệch giữa tài sản có và tài sản nợ bằng từng loại ngoại tệ của tổ chức tín dụng tại một thời điểm nhất định, bao gồm cả các cam kết mua bán ngoại tệ giao ngay và có kỳ hạn.
- Mục tiêu quản lý (Điều 3): Xác định mục đích của việc khống chế hạn mức trạng thái ngoại tệ nhằm bảo đảm an toàn hoạt động cho các tổ chức tín dụng trước biến động của tỷ giá thị trường, đồng thời hỗ trợ Ngân hàng Nhà nước điều tiết thị trường ngoại hối và thực thi chính sách tiền tệ quốc gia.
- Nguyên tắc xác định và báo cáo (Điều 4): Quy định phương pháp tính toán trạng thái ngoại tệ quy đổi ra Đồng Việt Nam hoặc một loại ngoại tệ chủ chốt (thường là USD) và nghĩa vụ báo cáo định kỳ của các tổ chức tín dụng đối với Ngân hàng Nhà nước.
Lưu ý: Đây là quy chế mang tính chất tạm thời được ban hành trong giai đoạn đầu mở cửa và phát triển thị trường ngoại hối tại Việt Nam, tạo tiền đề cho các quy định quản trị rủi ro tỷ giá đồng bộ và chặt chẽ hơn trong các giai đoạn tiếp theo.
| THE STATE BANK OF VIETNAM | SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIET NAM |
| No. 204/QD-NH7 | Hanoi, September 20, 1994 |
DECISION
ON PROMULGATION OF THE TEMPORARY STATUTE ON FOREIGN EXCHANGE, POSITION OF THE CREDIT INSTITUTIONS UTHORIZED TO DO FOREIGN EXCHANGE TRADING
THE GOVERNOR OF THE STATE BANK OF VIETNAM
Pursuant to the point 5, article 50, chapter 5 of the Decree-Laws of the State Bank of Vietnam on the organization and regulation of the local foreign exchange market and foreign exchange transaction on international market;
Based on the Decree 15/CP of the Government dated 2 March, 1993 on the duties, rights and state management responsibilities of ministries and ministry level agencies.
On the proposal of the Head of foreign exchange control department.
DECIDES
Article 1.
To promulgate "the temporary statute on foreign exchange position of credit institutions authorized to do foreign exchange trading" in conjunction with this decision.
Article 2.
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Article 3.
The Head of the governor's office, head of exchange control department, the State Bank's chief inspector, head of accounting department, director of banking operation center of the State Bank of Vietnam, general directors of credit institutions authorized to do foreign exchange trading are responsible to implement this decision.
FOR THE STATE BANK OF VIETNAM
DEPUTY GOVERNOR
Le Van Chau
TEMPORARY STATUTE
OF THE FOREIGN EXCHANGE POSITIONS APPLIED TEMPORARY STATUTE OF THE FOREIGN EXCHANGE POSITIONS APPLIED FOR CREDIT INSTITUTIONS AUTHORIZED TO DO FOREIGN EXCHANGE TRADING
(Promulgated in connection with Decision No 204/QD-NH7 dated 20 September 1994 of the Governor of the State Bank of Vietnam)
I GENERAL PROVISIONS
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The definition of foreign exchange position Foreign exchange position is the difference between assets and liabilities in each of those foreign currencies used by the bank including relevant accounts in that foreign currency.
Open position of each currency may long or short.
The position is long when assets are higher than liabilities, short when liabilities are higher than assets.
Total foreign exchange position of a credit institution is the total of (highest long or short) position in foreign currencies.
Article 2.
The foreign exchange positions are determined to guarantee safety in foreign exchange transactions of credit institutions authorized to do foreign exchange trading.
Article 3.
The foreign exchange positions shall be applied for credit institutions, including state owned commercial banks, joint-Stock commercial banks, joint venture banks, banks for investment and development, financial companies authorized to do foreign exchange trading.
Branches of foreign bank operating in Vietnam shall have to submit a commitment letter to the State Bank of Vietnam confirming that they shall duly observe the statute on the foreign exchange positions promulgated by the State Bank of Vietnam. This letter shall be certified by their parent banks.
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Credit institutions authorized to do foreign exchange trading shall have to make comprehensive reports to the State Bank of Vietnam on all accounting data and necessary information required by the State Bank of Vietnam.
II. FACTORS IN CALCULATING FOREIGN EXCHANGE POSITION
Article 5.
Limit of the foreign exchange position is the highest or lowest difference between assets and liabilities in foreign currencies.
Limit of foreign exchange position shall be determined on the basis of net owned capital of a bank. To unify the mode of calculating foreign exchange position as well as the mode of determining safety requirements in foreign exchange trading it is stipulated by the governor that net owned capital is calculated on owned capital minus items reducing owned capital.
a) Owned capital comprising:
- Registered capital (including capital paid up by shareholders in case of joint-stock banks)
- Reserves
- Reserves for special purposes
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Added value of fixed assets (if any) when assets are re-evaluated under regulations of the State Bank (the whole or one part there of).
b) The items reducing owned capital that need to be moved out from owned capital including:
- Reduced value of assets determined by re-evaluating fixed assets (if any)
- Bad loans, which are neither secured by a stand-by fund, nor are guaranteed.
- Expenditures exceed income.
III. PROVISIONS FOR IMPLEMENTATION
Article 6.
Limit of foreign exchange positions at the end of a day for each currency shall not exceed 10% of net owned capital of the credit institution, and total foreign exchange position shall not exceed 30% of net owned capital of the credit institution.
Under this statute, gold and gems, if used as foreign currencies in transactions, shall be included in total foreign exchange position.
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Total foreign exchange positions and foreign exchange positions of each foreign currencies of credit institutions shall be in terms of Vietnamese dong based on the foreign exchange rates quoted by the state Bank of Vietnam at the time of reporting.
Article 7.
Credit institutions authorized to do foreign exchange trading shall at all times maintain total foreign exchange positions and foreign exchange positions of each currency within the frame as stipulated in this statute.
Accounting and internal information systems of the credit institutions shall have to meet the following requirements:
- Ability to show at any time the positions of each foreign currency, total long positions and total short positions of each currency.
- Ability of the cashiers of credit institutions to receive information on foreign exchange positions on a permanent basis.
Article 8.
Depending on situation and business performance of each branch, general directors of credit institutions shall stipulate concrete limits of risk levels for each branch, foreign exchange trading unit and foreign exchange staff in accordance with this statute, as follows:
- End-of the day total foreign exchange positions and positions and positions of each currency.
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Head offices of credit institutions shall be responsible for strictly monitoring and supervising these regulations. General directors (directors) of credit institutions shall be responsible to the governor of the State Bank of Vietnam to duly observe the above-mentioned stipulations.
IV. MAKING REPORTS
Article 9.
Each day, prior to 10:00 am, general directors or directors of credit institutions shall report to the State Bank of Vietnam, by fax or telex, about their end-of-day foreign exchange positions of the previous day for the whole system; total amount of foreign currencies in transactions at the and of previous day, clarifying total amount of foreign currencies bought and sold in foreign exchange interbank markets, and the highest and lowest foreign exchange rate of the previous day.
Addition to daily reports in foreign exchange positions, general directors, directors of credit institutions authorized to do foreign exchange trading, at the end of each week, each month, shall have to make weekly and monthly report to the State Bank of Vietnam on integrated and detailed foreign exchange positions for the whole system which shall be calculated at the last working day of each week and month as per the form determined by the State Bank of Vietnam.
These reports shall be forwarded to the State Bank of Vietnam (Foreign exchange control department).
Weekly and monthly reports shall be submitted to the State Bank of Vietnam not later than the 3rd day from the date of their compilation. In addition to these reports, credit institutions authorized to do foreign exchange trading shall have to provide all necessary information as required by the State Bank of Vietnam.
The foreign exchange control department shall be in charge of receiving information on foreign exchange positions and supplying relevant departments and centers of the State Bank with the said information.
V. FINAL PROVISIONS
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Credit institution authorized to do foreign exchange trading shall have to duly observe all provisions stipulated in this statute. In case of violation depending on extent of seriousness, penalties shall be applied in compliance with the provisions on penalties and punitive measures stipulated in the Decree-Laws of the State Bank of Vietnam issued according to the State Bank Governors Decision No 168/QD-NH3 dated 27 August 1992.
Article 11
Any amendment, supplement or replacement to the provisions of this statute shall be decided by the Governor of the State Bank of Vietnam.
- 1 Decision No. 1168/2003/QD-NHNN of October 02, 2003, on the amendment of article 1, Decision No. 1081/2002/QD-NHNN dated 7 October, 2002 of the Governor of the State Bank on foreign currency position of credit institutions permitted to engage in foreign exchange business
- 2 Decision No. 1081/2002/QD-NHNN of October 07, 2002, on foreign currency position of credit institutions permitted to engage in foreign exchange business
- 1 Decision No. 1168/2003/QD-NHNN of October 02, 2003, on the amendment of article 1, Decision No. 1081/2002/QD-NHNN dated 7 October, 2002 of the Governor of the State Bank on foreign currency position of credit institutions permitted to engage in foreign exchange business
- 2 Decision No. 1081/2002/QD-NHNN of October 07, 2002, on foreign currency position of credit institutions permitted to engage in foreign exchange business
- 3 Decree No.15-CP of Government, relating to duties, powers and responsibilities for State Mangement of Ministries, ministerial Agencies.